Hazardous chemical warehouses should implement isolated, compartmentalized, and separate storage methods for hazardous chemicals.
Hazardous chemicals should be stored according to national standards and by zone and classification. Excessive quantities or types of hazardous chemicals must not be stored, and mutually incompatible substances must not be mixed or stored. (Regarding whether hazardous chemicals can be mixed, refer to their safety data sheets.)
Hazardous chemical packaging (including outer packaging) must be affixed or affixed with chemical safety labels that match the hazardous chemicals contained in the packaging.
Hazardous chemicals should be stored in dedicated warehouses, designated areas, or dedicated storage rooms, and managed by dedicated personnel. Highly toxic chemicals and other hazardous chemicals stored in quantities that pose a significant hazard should be stored separately in dedicated warehouses, with a two-person system for receiving, sending, and keeping them.
Warehouses storing hazardous chemicals that may emit flammable or toxic gases should be equipped with appropriate gas detection and alarm devices in accordance with the "Petrochemical Industry Flammable and Toxic Gas Detection and Alarm Design Standard" (GB/T 50493-2019). These devices should be interlocked with the fan. Alarm signals should be transmitted to a 24-hour manned location, and audible and visual alarms should be installed.
Hazardous chemical warehouses storing flammable liquids should be equipped with measures to prevent the spread of liquids, and those storing highly toxic substances should be equipped with ventilation equipment.
Clear safety warning signs should be displayed in accordance with the "Guidelines for Safety Signs and Their Use" (GB 2894-2008).
The temperature and humidity in warehouses storing flammable and explosive commodities should meet the requirements of the "Technical Conditions for Storage and Maintenance of Flammable and Explosive Commodities" (GB 17914-2013).
Hazardous chemicals should be stacked neatly and securely, without inversion, and should not obstruct firefighting equipment, safety facilities, safety signs, or passageways.
The stacking distance in the warehouse should meet the following requirements: the main aisle is greater than or equal to 200cm; the wall distance is greater than or equal to 50cm; the column distance is greater than or equal to 30cm; the stacking distance is greater than or equal to 100cm (the area of each stack should not be greater than 150m2); the light distance is greater than or equal to 50cm.
Electrical equipment in warehouses for flammable and explosive hazardous chemicals, such as switches, lamps, fire detectors, and mechanical ventilation systems, must be explosion-proof. Their design and installation must comply with the requirements of the "Code for Design of Electrical Installations in Explosive Atmospheres" (GB 50058-2014). Electric vehicles, forklifts, and other work tools must also meet explosion-proof requirements.
Warehouses containing items that may burn or explode when wet should take measures to prevent water intrusion.
According to Article 6.6.1 of the "Design Fire Protection Standard for Petrochemical Enterprises (2018 Edition)" (GB 50160-2008), warehouses for Class A, B, and C items must be well ventilated. Warehouses that may generate explosive gas mixtures or form explosive mixtures of dust, fibers, and other materials in the air should have non-sparking floors and, where necessary, waterproofing.
Units storing highly toxic chemicals or explosive precursors must truthfully record the quantity and flow of these chemicals and take necessary safety precautions to prevent their loss or theft. Any loss or theft of these chemicals must be reported immediately to the local public security authorities. Public security agencies should be established and staffed with dedicated security personnel.
A system for verifying and registering the entry and exit of hazardous chemicals should be established. For highly toxic chemicals and other hazardous chemicals whose storage quantities constitute a significant hazard, storage units must report the storage quantity, storage location, and management personnel to the local county-level people's government's production safety supervision and management department (or, if stored within a port area, the port administration department) and the public security authorities for record.
Open flames and electric radiators are strictly prohibited for heating in Class A and B warehouses.
Low-temperature lighting fixtures should be used in combustible material warehouses, and heat-generating components should be insulated and fire-proofed. High-temperature lighting fixtures such as halogen tungsten lamps should not be used. Distribution boxes and switches should be located outside the warehouse. Before any hazardous chemical storage operations are performed, the warehouse should be ventilated.
When entering a warehouse storing explosives or other hazardous chemicals that are sensitive to static electricity and sparks, wear anti-static work clothing and avoid wearing spiked shoes. Body static electricity should be eliminated before entering the warehouse. Use explosion-proof communication tools and avoid using tools that easily generate static electricity and sparks.
Opening barrels, repackaging, or modifying materials are prohibited within the storage warehouse. Loading and unloading operations should not be performed during inclement weather.
Storage sites must be equipped with appropriate safety features and equipment, including monitoring, surveillance, ventilation, sun protection, fire prevention, fire extinguishing, lightning protection, anti-static, and corrosion protection. Regular maintenance and servicing should be performed to ensure the proper functioning of these features and equipment.
Storage sites must also be equipped with communication and alarm systems and undergo regular maintenance and servicing to ensure the equipment remains in proper working order.
Hazardous chemicals must be inspected regularly after storage, and any quality issues, packaging damage, or leakage should be addressed promptly.
Hazardous chemical warehouse managers must possess relevant safety knowledge and management skills related to the hazardous chemical storage management scope. Employees in hazardous chemical warehouses should be able to understand the contents of chemical safety data sheets, master risk prevention measures, and master job operation skills.
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