The waste produced in the laboratory can be divided into three categories: waste gas, waste liquid and waste residue.
WASTE LIQUID:
Waste liquid is divided into:
1.General wastewater: mainly from the laboratory clean water, can be directly discharged.
2.Chemical waste liquid: divided into organic chemical experimental waste liquid and inorganic chemical experimental waste liquid. The waste liquid of organic chemistry experiments generally includes grease, halogen-containing organic solvent, halogen-free organic solvent and formaldehyde containing organic solvent, etc. Inorganic chemistry experimental waste liquid generally includes waste liquid containing heavy metals, acidic waste liquid, alkaline waste liquid, waste liquid containing hexavalent chromium, waste liquid containing mercury, waste liquid containing fluorine, waste liquid containing cyanide. It must be collected separately and disposed of according to regulations.
3.Infectious waste liquid: refers to the experimental waste liquid that carries pathogenic microorganisms and has the risk of causing the spread of infectious diseases.
How to storage waste liquid:
1. The container containing the waste liquid should be labeled with the name, quantity, composition, waste liquid generation unit, address, telephone, contact person, safety measures, date and hazardous characteristics of the waste liquid contained; The location of the label is easy to observe and is not easy to be damaged by the effluent.
2.Chemical waste liquids of different types or sources that may have dangerous consequences after mixing cannot be stored in the same container to avoid violent chemical reactions and accidents.
3. When handling chemical waste liquid, you must wear appropriate personal protective equipment (such as protective glasses, gloves and lab clothes), do not wear slippers, shorts, etc.
4. When dumping a large amount of liquid waste into a chemical waste container, a funnel should be used to prevent leakage.
5. When handling chemicals or transferring chemicals to waste containers, they must be handled gently to avoid violent collisions; In order to prevent the release of steam, the container should be covered in time.
6. When using containers to store liquid chemical waste, there should be enough gaps in the containers, which should not be too full, and can only be loaded to 70% to 80% of the total capacity.
How to dispose waste liquid:
1. Disposal method of inorganic waste liquid: inorganic acid, neutralize with excessive water solution containing sodium carbonate or calcium hydroxide or waste lye; The waste liquid containing sodium hydroxide and ammonia water is neutralized with hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and diluted to pH 6 ~ 8; The waste liquid containing fluorine is added to the lime milk (calcium hydroxide slurry) until it is alkaline, placed overnight, and filtered; The waste liquid containing chromium was first reduced to Cr (III) by adding ferrous sulfate under acidic conditions, and then precipitated to Cr (OH) 3 by alkali. Mercury containing waste liquid, adjust the pH value to 6 ~ 10, add excess sodium sulfide to precipitate; Arsenic containing waste liquid, adding Fe3+ and lime milk to precipitate and separate; Cyanide-containing waste liquid: be sure to adjust the pH value to basic first, add sodium thiosulfate, ferrous sulfate, sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate to form thiocyanate; Waste liquid containing a variety of heavy metal ions is transformed into hydroxides or sulfide precipitate and removed.
2. Disposal method of organic waste liquid: halogen-free organic solvents, which have been biodecomposed can be diluted and directly discharged, those that are difficult to decompose can be sent to professional institutions for incineration, and those containing heavy metals can be treated as inorganic waste liquid after oxidation and decomposition; Organic solvents containing nitrogen, sulfur and halogens are generally sent to professional institutions for incineration, and measures must be taken to remove the harmful gases generated by combustion during incineration, and the combustible substances are treated by extraction, adsorption and hydrolysis. Oils and fats, sent to professional institutions for incineration.
3. Disposal method of infectious waste liquid: Infectious waste liquid must be sterilized, and then treated as ordinary experimental waste liquid. For specific sterilization methods, see disposal method of infectious waste in biochemical solid waste.
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